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Coax data
A better picture
CB / Freeband channel grid
Cordless phones
License-free QRG:s
Meteor showers
EME path loss
NOAA WX channels
Shortwave BC bands
The SINPO report
Scanning tips
Various PLL circuits
Coax connectors
dBm/dbu/dBµV/Pwr W/Pwr dBW/RMS/V p-p table
Return loss and VSWR cross reference


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Last modified 2024-01-01
In this area, you will find info on frequencies, hints, tips and other hopefully interesting stuff.

Coax data

Loss is in dB/100 m. For example, 100 meters of H-2000 Flex will attenuate a 144 MHz signal with 4.8 dB.
Diameter and bending radius is given in millimeters.

TypeOuter
diam.
Bending
radius
Imp.Vel.Kg/100mpF/m10142830501001442003004004354505008009001000129615001700180023002400300050005800600066001000024800
Aircell 55.025500.823.6822.93


6.619.411.3313.4116.53
20.3
21.5727.62
31.0935.7138.63
42.63
49.8756.3975.05


112.0
Aircell 77.325500.837.2742.23.43.7
4.526.287.69.0411.2
13.8
14.7219.0
21.5224.8427.08
30.0
35.640.8857.04
64.9


Aircom Plus10.855500.8515.0840.9



3.34.5


8.2




14.5



23.0






Aircom Premium FRNC10.281500.8510.8781.05


2.093.423.94.515.7
7.35
8.0810.55
11.88
14.28
16.16
19.021.8529.45
33.25
57.0
Andrew C2FP10.1625.4500.8513.078.4


2.53.2
4.95.8


8.8

12.7

16.7
18.4
21.525





Andrew LDF2-50 3/8"11.1741500.8812.0751.05

1.842.43.424.154.96.067.05
7.517.9510.210.911.5513.114.44
1618.4
21.428.8




Benelec/Habia Speedfoam 3004.9550500.833.580




10.1








28












Benelec/Habia Speedfoam 4006.160500.845.979




8.5








21












Benelec/Habia Speedfoam 5007.6275500.859.479




6.5








15












Benelec/Habia Speedfoam 70010.3100500.849.479




4








12












Benelec/Habia Speedfoam 90012.7130500.851579




3








11












Cellflex LCF 12-5016.27050
22
0.67

1.17
2.16
3.13.8

4.7

6.8

9
9.911.4
13.2





Cellflex LCF 58-5021.49050
37
0.5

0.88
1.64
2.352.91

3.6

5.3

7
7.89
10.5





Cellflex LCF 78-502812050
53
0.35

0.62
1.15
1.662.07

2.58

3.8

5.1
5.76.6
7.7





Cellflex LCF 114-5039.420050
105
0.28

0.49
0.93
1.351.7

2.14

3.2

4.4
4.95.7
6.8





Cellflex LCF 158-505130050
153
0.21

0.37
0.7
1.031.3

1.65

2.51

3.5
3.94.6
5.2





Cellflex SCF 14-507.82550
7
1.81

3.2
5.8
8.310.3

12.7

18.4

24.3
26.931
36





Cellflex SCF 38-5010.22550
12
1.31

2.29
4.2
67.5

9.2

13.3

17.6
19.422.3
25.9





Cellflex SCF 12-5013.73250
21
1.03

1.8
3.3
4.85.9

7.3

10.6

14
15.517.8
20.7





CFD-40010.325.4500.851078.5


2.32.9
4.8



8.8

12.8

16.7


21.9
34




Ecoflex 1010.240500.8513.1771.2


2.844.95.87.3
9
9.612.5
14.216.517.9
19.9
23.62737
41.5


Ecoflex 1514.670500.8625.8770.86


1.962.813.44.055
6.2
6.78.6
9.811.412.4
13.8
16.318.725.7
28.8


Ecoflex 15 Plus14.670500.8620770.83


1.872.673.233.834.75
5.9
6.28.0
9.110.511.4
12.6
14.916.922.9




H-439.8100750.859.1521.2


2.53.7



8.0




14.3



23.7






H-1009.8
500.84
80




4.5






















H-1555.435500.813.8823.03.44.9
6.59.311.2
16.319.019.920.321.526.529.830.934.9

42.5
46.951.6
73.8



H-5009.875500.8113.5821.3


2.94.1



9.3




16.8



24.5






H-100010.375500.8314.080
1.42.0
2.73.94.8


8.5




15.7



23.0






H-2000 Flex10.350500.8314.0801.21.42.0
2.73.94.8
78.28.5

11.912.813.515.7

18.821.823.0
34.8


54
HDF-2005
50





5.8

13



22.8




42.3


55.4






HDF-40010.3
50





2.2

5



8.9




16.8


22






TypeOuter
diam.
Bending
radius
Imp.Vel.Kg/100mpF/m10142830501001442003004004354505008009001000129615001700180023002400300050005800600066001000024800
Huber-Suhner Multiflex 1414.1410500.714.595

















53


7597

114
255
Huber-Suhner S 10162 B-1112.9200500.871577








6


8
9.5
12

15
1825.327.528


LMR-40010.325.4500.851078.4


2.22.9
4.96


8.9

12.8

16.8
18.6
22
33




LMR-6001538.1500.872076.6


1.41.8
3.13.8


5.6

8.2

10.9
12.1
14.3
21.5




LMR-90022.176.2500.874076.6


0.91.2
2.12.5


3.8

5.6

7.4
8.2
9.5

16



LMR-120030.48165.1500.886775.8


0.70.9
1.51.8


2.8

4.2

5.5
6.1
7.2






Micro-Coax UT-141-Form3.69.5500.704.1795.1











28

41










159
M17/128-RG4004.9525500.696.4105



10.514.8


34.4




55.8





124.7



256
RG-8X (9258)6.1561500.825.481.42.95


6.8910.17
14.76
21.65



35.136.74












RG-1110.350750.6613.967



4.66.9



18.0




30.0











RG-58 M17/028 (Bedea)4.9525500.663.61014.5


9.915.2
21.6



34.3

53.7





107.5





RG-58 M17/28, 1084 (Bedea)4.9525500.663.61014.5


9.915.2
21.6



34.3

53.7





107.5





RG-58/AU4.9525.4500.66
97.85.0


1218
27
41



6975












RG-58/CU5.030500.664.0101
6.28.0
11.015.617.8


33.0
36.144.149.6
65.0



100.0






RG-58/LL4.9525.4500.66
97.8




12.2


24.6




42.7


59.1








RG-58/U4.9525.4500.66
97.83.9


8.913.1
19.0
27.9



51.367.3












RG-596.1530750.665.767




12.0



25.0




33.6











RG-142B/U4.9530500.696.495




12.8

24


33
43
5358
65
7788120133136


RG-174U2.815500.66
101




30.9






















RG-1882.76500.7
96



15.827.4
36.1
54.9



77.587.9












RG-213U10.3110500.6615.51012.2
3.1
4.46.27.9


15.0




27.5



47.0






RG-214U10.850500.66
1002

3.74.878.510.212.91516
172312.6283133.8
38
45.8






RG-217U13.8
500.66
971.4


3.34.6
7
10.3




19.3





43





RG-2235.425500.666.0101
6.17.9
11.015.017.6





















RG-316/U2.530500.71.594




26.7
37.946.657.4

60.576.981.786.3
106.4
117132.9135.9






RG-393/U9.9199.150?24961.97



6.9








24.6






68.9


114.8
Smarteq LL584.952550







15.7
22.8
33.1




54.8





104.6

168.5


Suhner S 12272-0415150500.8219.1821.0


2.03.03.54.05.06.06.66.87.09.01011


15
1922





Suhner Sucofeed 1/2"1670500.882576




2.32.7


4.8




7.8



1214





Suhner Sucofeed 7/8"27.8120500.8759.876.5




1.31.5


2.8




4.8



6.98.0





Suhner Sucofeed 1-1/4"39.5200500.879478




0.851.1


1.9




3.5



5.05.8





Suhner Sucofeed 1-5/8"50300500.8714577.5




0.70.8


1.6




3.0



4.35.1





Suhner Sucoform 141 (RG402)3.5840500.714923.6


8.111.614.416.720.6

25.627.13537.339.5
49.5



73.599.4
111
152.3
Telegärtner Low Loss 240 Flex5.454500.803784



6.89.7
13.9
19.8


283032
39
4349
5672
79





How to take a better picture

First a disclaimer: I am NOT a professional photographer, and I do not claim to be a hot-shot amateur ditto either, but....

...after seeing hundreds of rig-shots taken by various people, I must say that a brief "how-to" is apropriate here. Quite a lot of pictures are taken point blank, with a flash! Hmm. Imagine that radio's reflective, shiny front panel with a flash, in a straight angle right into it. I'm sorry, but this does NOT make a good picture. If a flash is arranged in this way, you will only end up with a bright over-exposed spot in the middle.

When I want to take a picture, I arrange the radio on a dark surface, facing a window (at a slight angle) during a fairly sunny day, thus NOT using a flash at all. With this arrangement and some experimentation, I can get a smooth, even illumination of the radio. Then I power it up to light up any display, LED or lamp. The picture is then taken from a slightly elevated angle to give the picture some degree of perspective. It certainly helps if you use a manual camera where you are in control of exposure timing and aperture settings. Use a small aperture and longer exposure. Use a stand to avoid fuzzy pictures. If your camera has a zoom lens, it's best to back away from the target and zoom it instead to minimize picture distortion. It may take some experimentation but the result is definitely worth the effort.


CB / "Freeband" / Export channel grid

NB! Many of the columns in this grid are illegal for CB use in just about every country in the world (with a couple of exceptions).
Column D is legal, widespread and also license free in many countries. The UK allows both column D and the unique CB27/81.
Germany also has its own 40 channel allocation plus the regular 40 in column D. Brazil allows 80 channels as in column D and E.

The A or "Alpha" channels in column D are normally NOT allowed for communication as they are reserved for R/C models and baby monitors.
There was however a historic exception in the scandinavian countries where channel 11A was used for emergency and distress calls.

All channels between 28.000-29.700 MHz belong to the 10 m amateur radio band. Do NOT transmit there without a valid amateur radio license.

ChannelMLKABCD
CEPT/EU/US
EFGHIJUK
CB27/81
PolandGermanyGermany
Old 12 AM
New ZealandAustralia
Old 18 ch
Japan
124.26524.71525.16525.61526.06526.51526.96527.41527.86528.31528.76529.21529.66527.6012526.96026.565
26.33027.01526.968
224.27524.72525.17525.62526.07526.52526.97527.42527.87528.32528.77529.22529.67527.6112526.97026.575
26.34027.02526.976
324.28524.73525.18525.63526.08526.53526.98527.43527.88528.33528.78529.23529.68527.6212526.98026.585
26.35027.03527.040
3 A24.29524.74525.19525.64526.09526.54526.99527.44527.89528.34528.79529.24529.695-26.990--26.360--
424.30524.75525.20525.65526.10526.55527.00527.45527.90528.35528.80529.25529.70527.6312527.00026.59527.00526.37027.05527.080
524.31524.76525.21525.66526.11526.56527.01527.46527.91528.36528.81529.26529.71527.6412527.01026.60527.01526.38027.06527.088
624.32524.77525.22525.67526.12526.57527.02527.47527.92528.37528.82529.27529.72527.6512527.02026.61527.02526.39027.08527.112
724.33524.78525.23525.68526.13526.58527.03527.48527.93528.38528.83529.28529.73527.6612527.03026.62527.03526.40027.09527.120
7 A24.34524.79525.24525.69526.14526.59527.04527.49527.94528.39528.84529.29529.745-27.040--26.410--
824.35524.80525.25525.70526.15526.60527.05527.50527.95528.40528.85529.30529.75527.6712527.05026.63527.05526.42027.10527.144
924.36524.81525.26525.71526.16526.61527.06527.51527.96528.41528.86529.31529.76527.6812527.06026.64527.06526.43027.115
1024.37524.82525.27525.72526.17526.62527.07527.52527.97528.42528.87529.32529.77527.6912527.07026.65527.07526.44027.125
1124.38524.83525.28525.73526.18526.63527.08527.53527.98528.43528.88529.33529.78527.7012527.08026.66527.08526.45027.135
11 A24.39524.84525.29525.74526.19526.64526.09527.54527.99528.44528.89529.34529.795-27.090--26.460-
1224.40524.85525.30525.75526.20526.65527.10527.55528.00528.45528.90529.35529.80527.7112527.10026.67527.10526.47027.155
1324.41524.86525.31525.76526.21526.66527.11527.56528.01528.46528.91529.36529.81527.7212527.11026.68527.11526.48027.165
1424.42524.87525.32525.77526.22526.67527.12527.57528.02528.47528.92529.37529.82527.7312527.12026.69527.12526.49027.175
1524.43524.88525.33525.78526.23526.68527.13527.58528.03528.48528.93529.38529.83527.7412527.13026.70527.13526.50027.185
15 A24.44524.89525.34525.79526.24526.69527.14527.59528.04528.49528.94529.39529.845-27.140--26.510-
1624.45524.90525.35525.80526.25526.70527.15527.60528.05528.50528.95529.40529.85527.7512527.15026.715
26.52027.195
1724.46524.91525.36525.81526.26526.71527.16527.61528.06528.51528.96529.41529.86527.7612527.16026.725
26.53027.205
1824.47524.92525.37525.82526.27526.72527.17527.62528.07528.52528.97529.42529.87527.7712527.17026.735
26.54027.225
1924.48524.93525.38525.83526.28526.73527.18527.63528.08528.53528.98529.43529.88527.7812527.18026.745
26.550

19 A24.49524.94525.39525.84526.29526.74527.19527.64528.09528.54528.99529.44529.895-27.190--26.560

2024.50524.95525.40525.85526.30526.75527.20527.65528.10528.55529.00529.45529.90527.7912527.20026.755
26.570

2124.51524.96525.41525.86526.31526.76527.21527.66528.11528.56529.01529.46529.91527.8012527.21026.765
26.580

2224.52524.97525.42525.87526.32526.77527.22527.67528.12528.57529.02529.47529.92527.8112527.22026.775
26.590

2324.55525.00525.45525.90526.35526.80527.25527.70528.15528.60529.05529.50529.95527.8212527.25026.785
26.620

2424.53524.98525.43525.88526.33526.78527.23527.68528.13528.58529.03529.48529.93527.8312527.23026.795
26.600

2524.54524.99525.44525.89526.34526.79527.24527.69528.14528.59529.04529.49529.94527.8412527.24026.805
26.610

2624.56525.11525.46525.91526.36526.81527.26527.71528.16528.61529.06529.51529.96527.8512527.26026.815
26.630

2724.57525.12525.47525.92526.37526.82527.27527.72528.17528.62529.07529.52529.97527.8612527.27026.825
26.640

2824.58525.13525.48525.93526.38526.83527.28527.73528.18528.63529.08529.53529.98527.8712527.28026.835
26.650

2924.59525.14525.49525.94526.39526.84527.29527.74528.19528.64529.09529.54529.99527.8812527.29026.845
26.660

3024.60525.15525.50525.95526.40526.85527.30527.75528.20528.65529.10529.55530.00527.8912527.30026.855
26.670

3124.61525.16525.51525.96526.41526.86527.31527.76528.21528.66529.11529.56530.01527.9012527.31026.865
26.680

3224.62525.17525.52525.97526.42526.87527.32527.77528.22528.67529.12529.57530.02527.9112527.32026.875
26.690

3324.63525.18525.53525.98526.43526.88527.33527.78528.23528.68529.13529.58530.03527.9212527.33026.885
26.700

3424.64525.19525.54525.99526.44526.89527.34527.79528.24528.69529.14529.59530.04527.9312527.34026.895
26.710

3524.65525.20525.55525.00526.45526.90527.35527.80528.25528.70529.15529.60530.05527.9412527.35026.905
26.720

3624.66525.21525.56526.01526.46526.91527.36527.81528.26528.71529.16529.61530.06527.9512527.36026.915
26.730

3724.67525.22525.57526.02526.47526.92527.37527.82528.27528.72529.17529.62530.07527.9612527.37026.925
26.740

3824.68525.23525.58526.03526.48526.93527.38527.83528.28528.73529.18529.63530.08527.9712527.38026.935
26.750

3924.69525.24525.59526.04526.49526.94527.39527.84528.29528.74529.19529.64530.09527.9812527.39026.945
26.760

4024.70525.25525.60526.05526.50526.95527.40527.85528.30528.75529.20529.65530.10527.9912527.40026.955
26.770


International - SSB calling frequency:27.555
International - SSTV frequency:27.700
Australia - Official LSB calling channel:27.155 (Ch 16)
Australia - Official AM calling channel:27.085 (Ch 11)
Australia - Common AM road/trucker channel:27.055 (Ch 8)
Australia - Common LSB calling channel:27.355 (Ch 35)
South America - SSB calling frequency:26.555
Sweden - Common USB channel:27.235 (Ch 24)
USA - "Super bowl". QRO AM channel:27.025 (Ch 6)
USA - "Mini bowl". QRO AM channel:27.085 (Ch 11)
USA - Nationwide LSB skip call channel:27.385 (Ch 38)

Cordless phones

This is a tough one as there are a number of bands, legal in one or more countries while illegal in others. There are also those so called "long range" cordless phones, with
output power of 4 to 5 W or more in seemingly random bands. Legality unknown.

The interesting thing to know about all these bands is, that there are always uninformed or ignorant persons that while going for vacation abroad, albeit without criminal
intent, will buy radio related equipment that may or may not be legal in their own countries. Cordless phones is only one example of this. This may not be very widespread
nowadays, but it has been in the past. So, it may be a good thing to keep an eye on those bands that are not allowed in YOUR particular country.

Older analog FM systems are easy to eavesdrop on, but newer digital systems are harder, and some are virtually impossible to intercept. Some systems utilize spread spectrum
technique, while others may employ spectrum inversion scrambling or digital encryption.

Most systems are low power at milliwatt level, with a range of up to a couple of hundred meters, while the "long range" equipment may reach 10-20 Km or beyond depending
on antenna system etc. Well, you get the idea, your eavesdropping success may vary. And by the way, those really old bands, and even withdrawn bands such as the European
CT-1 band may still have users, so don't forget to put them in your scanning list.

And last but not least; make shure you know your local laws. It may be a crime to intercept cordless phone conversations in your country. You have been warned!

Here are a couple of bands/channels/frequencies to start with. They
are all analog FM unless otherwise stated. Frequencies are in MHz:


European CEPT-countries - CT-1 phones
Maximum 10 mW ERP
Allocated around 1985 or so
Withdrawn 2008-12-31
Ch.#Base TXHandset TX
01959.0125914.0125
02959.0375914.0375
03959.0625914.0625
04959.0875914.0875
05959.1125914.1125
06959.1375914.1375
07959.1625914.1625
08959.1875914.1875
09959.2125914.2125
10959.2375914.2375
11959.2625914.2625
12959.2875914.2875
13959.3125914.3125
14959.3375914.3375
15959.3625914.3625
16959.3875914.3875
17959.4125914.4125
18959.4375914.4375
19959.4625914.4625
20959.4875914.4875
21959.5125914.5125
22959.5375914.5375
23959.5625914.5625
24959.5875914.5875
25959.6125914.6125
26959.6375914.6375
27959.6625914.6625
28959.6875914.6875
29959.7125914.7125
30959.7375914.7375
31959.7625914.7625
32959.7875914.7875
33959.8125914.8125
34959.8375914.8375
35959.8625914.8625
36959.8875914.8875
37959.9125914.9125
38959.9375914.9375
39959.9625914.9625
40959.9875914.9875
England/UK - Allocated in 1983
Ch.#Base TXHandset TX
011.64247.45625
021.66247.46875
031.68247.48125
041.70247.49375
051.72247.50625
061.74247.51875
071.76247.53125 or 47.44375
081.78247.54375
England/UK - Allocated in 1996
Ch.#Base TXHandset TX
0131.037539.9375
0231.062539.9625
0331.087539.9875
0431.112540.0125
0531.137540.0375
0631.162540.0625
0731.187540.0875
0831.212540.1125
England/UK - Unknown allocation year
Longer range phones for rural use
Ch.#Base TXHandset TX
0147.4312577.5125
0247.4187577.5500













New Zealand - Valid in february 2012
1.7/40 and 30/40 MHz: Maximum 160 mW ERP
Base units, 30/72 MHz: Maximum 1 W ERP
Handsets, 30/72 MHz: Maximum 500 mW ERP
Ch.#Base TXHandset TX
0130.07539.775
0230.10039.800
0330.12539.825
0430.15039.850
0530.17539.875
0630.20039.900
0730.22539.925
0830.25039.950
0930.27539.975
1030.30040.000
1130.325 or 1.72540.025
1230.35040.050
1330.375 or 1.74040.075
1430.40040.100
1530.425 or 1.75540.125
1630.45040.150
1730.475 or 1.77040.175
1830.50040.200
1930.525 or 1.78540.225
2030.55040.250
2130.57540.275
2230.60040.300 or 72.800
2330.62540.325 or 72.825
2430.65040.350 or 72.850
2530.67540.375 or 72.875
2630.70040.400 or 72.900
2730.72540.425 or 72.925
2830.75040.450 or 72.950
2930.77540.475 or 72.975


















USA - Allocated in the late seventies
Ch.#Base TXHandset TX
01A1.69549.930
06A1.70549.830
13A1.76549.860
19A1.79549.875
25A1.82549.890
27A1.73549.845
USA - Allocated in november 1984
Ch.#Base TXHandset TX
0146.61049.670
0246.63049.845
0346.67049.860
0446.71049.770
0546.73049.875
0646.77049.830
0746.83049.890
0846.87049.930
0946.93049.990
1046.97049.970












USA - Allocated in 1993
Maximum 1 mW ERP
Ch.#Base TXHandset TXCh.#Base TXHandset TX
01902.100926.10031903.000927.000
02902.130926.13032903.030927.030
03902.160926.16033903.060927.060
04902.190926.19034903.090927.090
05902.220926.22035903.120927.120
06902.250926.25036903.150927.150
07902.280926.28037903.180927.180
08902.310926.31038903.210927.210
09902.340926.34039903.240927.240
10902.370926.37040903.270927.270
11902.400926.40041903.300927.300
12902.430926.43042903.330927.330
13902.460926.46043903.360927.360
14902.490926.49044903.390927.390
15902.520926.52045903.420927.420
16902.550926.55046903.450927.450
17902.580926.58047903.480927.480
18902.610926.61048903.510927.510
19902.640926.64049903.540927.540
20902.670926.67050903.570927.570
21902.700926.70051903.600927.600
22902.730926.73052903.630927.630
23902.760926.76053903.660927.660
24902.790926.79054903.690927.690
25902.820926.82055903.720927.720
26902.850926.85056903.750927.750
27902.880926.88057903.780927.780
28902.910926.91058903.810927.810
29902.940926.94059903.840927.840
30902.970926.97060903.870927.870
                 USA - Allocated in june 1995
Ch.#Base TXHandset TX
0143.72048.760
0243.74048.840
0343.82048.860
0443.84048.920
0543.92049.020
0643.96049.080
0744.12049.100
0844.16049.160
0944.18049.200
1044.20049.240
1144.32049.380
1244.36049.360
1344.40049.400
1444.46049.460
1544.48049.500
1646.61049.670
1746.63049.845
1846.67049.860
1946.71049.770
2046.73049.875
2146.77049.830
2246.83049.890
2346.87049.930
2446.93049.990
2546.97049.970






Note: The frequencies in pink are shared with baby
monitors and toy walkie-talkies!

Various "long range" units have been found in the following bands (base / handset):

140 / 230 MHz
140 / 250 MHz
145 / 230 MHz
382 / 256 MHz
388 / 262 MHz
394 / 268 MHz

There are probably other bands used as well. Those mentioned above are just some examples.


License free QRG:s

43 MHz Italy. For use in... well, Italy. Max 4 W output.
69 MHz is our latest band in Sweden. There are two sub bands; 8 channels with max 25 W, and 10 channels with max 5 W, normally from HT's.
FreeNet is used in Germany. Max 500 mW and built-in, non-removable antenna.
FRS is for use in the US and Canada.
LPD is for european use, sadly in the middle of our 70 cm ham band! Maximum 10 mW ERP and built-in, non-removable antenna. 69 channels between 433.075-434.775 MHz
LPD Japan or "Mini set". Max 10 mW ERP
MURS is for use in the US. Maximum 2 W ERP
PMR446 is for european use. Maximum 0.5 W ERP and built-in, non-removable antenna
PRS/UHF CB is for Malaysia (14 ch), Australia & New Zealand (40 ch) use. Located in the 477 MHz segment. Max 5 W
SRBR/KDR for Sweden. Maximum 2 W ERP and built-in, non-removable antenna. FM or DV modes.
SRD860 for Europe (Not all countries though). Maximum 5 mW ERP and built-in, non-removable antenna
934/81 UK was for use in the UK. A maximum of 8 watts output and 8 element beam. Withdrawn 1998-12-31.
2.4 GHz SRD (2.400 - 2.4835 GHz) is for almost worldwide use. Maximum allowed power output differ between countries.

FRS = Family Radio Service, LPD = Low Power Device, MURS = Multi-Use Radio System, PMR = Personal Mobile Radio, SRBR = Short Range Business Radio, SRD = Short Range Device

NB! If you plan to bring your license-free radios on vacation abroad, make sure they're actually approved for use where you're going.
The frequency band may have completely different usage, and you wouldn't want to have the local law enforcement in your hair, right?
For example, american FRS transceivers are NOT allowed in Europe as the band is reserved for commercial / professional users.
License free transceivers are normally cheap, so it's highly recommended to buy these locally.


SRBR/KDRQRG in MHz
1444.600
2444.650
3444.800
4444.825
5444.850
6444.875
7444.925
8444.975
PMR446QRG in MHz
1446.00625
2446.01875
3446.03125
4446.04375
5446.05625
6446.06875
7446.08125
8446.09375
9446.10625
10446.11875
11446.13125
12446.14375
13446.15625
14446.16875
15446.18125
16446.19375
FreeNetQRG in MHz
1149.0250
2149.0375
3149.0500
4149.0875
5149.1000
6149.1125
43 MHz ItalyQRG in MHz
143.3000
243.3125
343.3250
443.3375
543.3500
643.3625
743.3750
843.3875
943.4000
1043.4125
1143.4250
1243.4375
1343.4500
1443.4625
1543.4750
1643.4875
1743.5000
1843.5125
1943.5250
2043.5375
2143.5500
2243.5625
2343.5750
2443.5875
934/81 UKQRG in MHz
1934.0125
2934.0625
3934.1125
4934.1625
5934.2125
6934.2625
7934.3125
8934.3625
9934.4125
10934.4625
11934.5125
12934.5625
13934.6125
14934.6625
15934.7125
16934.7625
17934.8125
18934.8625
19934.9125
20934.9625
LPD JapanQRG in MHz
1422.0500
2422.0625
3422.0750
4422.0875
5422.1000
6422.1125
7422.1250
8422.1375
9422.1500
10422.1625
11422.1750
H1422.2000
H2422.2125
H3422.2250
H4422.2375
H5422.2500
H6422.2625
H7422.2750
H8422.2875
H9422.3000
FRSQRG in MHz
1462.5625
2462.5875
3462.6125
4462.6375
5462.6625
6462.6875
7462.7125
8467.5625
9467.5875
10467.6125
11467.6375
12467.6625
13467.6875
14467.7125
15462.550
16462.575
17462.600
18462.625
19462.650
20462.675
21462.700
22462.725
MURSQRG in MHz
1151.820
2151.880
3151.940
4154.570
5154.600
SRD860 Band AQRG in MHz
1-48 (12.5 KHz steps)868.00625-868.59375
SRD860 Band BQRG in MHz
1-40 (12.5 KHz steps)868.70625-869.19375
SRD860 Band C1QRG in MHz
1-10 (25 KHz steps)869.4125-869.6375
SRD860 Band C2QRG in MHz
1-4 (25 KHz steps)869.3125-869.3875
SRD860 Band DQRG in MHz
1-24 (12.5 KHz steps)869.70625-869.99375
69 MHz, 25 WQRG in MHz
169.0125
269.0375
369.0625
469.0875
569.1125
669.1375
769.1625
869.1875
69 MHz, 5 WQRG in MHz
1 (9)  69.60625
2 (10)69.61875
3 (11)69.63125
4 (12)69.64375
5 (13)69.65625
6 (14)69.66875
7 (15)69.68125
8 (16)69.69375
9 (17)69.70625
10 (18)69.71875
Most bands use NFM ±5 KHz deviation except PMR446 and 43 MHz Italy, where ±2.5 KHz is used.
There is also Digital Voice (TDMA/DMR Tier I) sharing the 16 channels with FM on PMR446.
A 32 channel sub band on PMR446 is Digital Voice (FDMA/dPMR) only.
On the SRBR/KDR channels, DV modes like DMR and NXDN was eventually allowed.
2.4 GHz SRD is using Digital Voice.
Equipment for these bands can be found here and here.


Meteor showers

These are the principal meteor showers and their approximate activity dates.

NameTime period
Quadrantids January 1 - January 5
Lyrids April 16 - April 25
Eta Aquarids April 19 - May 28
Perseids July 17 - August 24
Orionids October 2 - November 7
Northern & southern Taurids October 1 - November 25
Leonids November 14 - November 21
Geminids December 7 - December 17

Meteor ping listening tips

Listen in USB mode about 1 KHz below nominal carrier frequency.

SourceQRG (MHz)Notes
BRAMS meteor beacon in Belgium49.970130 W
GRAVES satellite tracking radar in France143.050Several Megawatts ERP


EME path loss

The distance to the moon varies between 356500 Km (221500 miles) and 406700 Km (252700 miles).
This table indicates the average two-way EME path loss with isotropic antennas.

QRGBandAverage 2-way path loss
50 MHz 6 m 242.9 dB
144 MHz 2 m 252.1 dB
222 MHz 1.25 m 255.8 dB
432 MHz 70 cm 261.6 dB
902 MHz 33 cm 268.0 dB
1296 MHz 23 cm 271.2 dB
2304 MHz 13 cm 276.2 dB
3456 MHz 9 cm 279.7 dB
5760 MHz 6 cm 284.1 dB
10368 MHz 3 cm 289.2 dB
24048 MHz 1.2 cm 293.5 dB

For comparison, here is the theoretical min/max one-way path loss to the moon according to standard
free space path loss calculations with isotropic antennas. It does not take into account faraday rotation
or other phenomenons that may or may not affect the path loss.

QRGBandMinimumMaximum
50 MHz 6 m 177.5 dB 178.6 dB
144 MHz 2 m 186.6 dB 187.8 dB
222 MHz 1.25 m 190.4 dB 191.6 dB
432 MHz 70 cm 196.2 dB 197.3 dB
902 MHz 33 cm 202.6 dB 203.7 dB
1296 MHz 23 cm 205.7 dB 206.9 dB
2304 MHz 13 cm 210.7 dB 211.9 dB
3456 MHz 9 cm 214.2 dB 215.4 dB
5760 MHz 6 cm 218.7 dB 219.8 dB
10368 MHz 3 cm 223.8 dB 224.9 dB
24048 MHz 1.2 cm 231.1 dB 232.2 dB

Food for thoughts: It has already been suggested to put ham radio on the future moon base. Hmm...



NOAA WX-channels (USA)

Throughout the US, there are over a 1000 transmitters utilized by NOAA and the National Weather Radio (NWR). They transmit severe weather warnings to specialized receivers. These are either stand-alone units or built-in for example into CB-radios or marine transceivers. Of course, transmissions are also easily picked up on virtually any scanner. Locations, callsigns and more can be found at here. The frequencies are as follows:

ChannelQRG in MHz
1162.400
2162.425
3162.450
4162.475
5162.500
6162.525
7162.550

161.650

161.775

163.275
All channels use NFM ±5 KHz deviation.



Shortwave broadcasting bands

These are the shortwave broadcasting bands allocated by the ITU.

BandFrequency rangeWidthNotes
120 m2300-2495 KHz195 KHzOnly used in tropical areas
90 m3200-3400 KHz200 KHzOnly used in tropical areas
75 m3900-4000 KHz100 KHzLimited to 3950-4000 KHz in Europe & the MENA region. Not used in the Americas
60 m4750-4995 KHz245 KHzOnly used in tropical areas
49 m5900-6200 KHz300 KHz
41 m7200-7450 KHz250 KHzLimited to 7300-7400 KHz in the Americas
31 m9400-9900 KHz500 KHz
25 m11600-12100 KHz500 KHz
22 m13570-13870 KHz300 KHz
19 m15100-15800 KHz700 KHz
16 m17480-17900 KHz420 KHz
15 m18900-19020 KHz120 KHzAlmost unused band
13 m21450-21850 KHz400 KHz
11 m25670-26100 KHz430 KHzMostly local digital test transmissions

This amounts to a total of 4.66 MHz of allocated shortwave spectrum.

NB! Most shortwave BC stations are located in a 5 KHz raster within the above bands.
Some BC stations use frequencies just outside these ranges to avoid interference
with other stations.


The SINPO report

DX:ers often report the reception of a broadcasting station with the SINPO code.

#Signal strength

S
Interference

I
Noise

N
Propagation
disturbance
P
Overall rating

O
5ExcellentNilNilNilExcellent
4GoodSlightSlightSlightGood
3FairModerateModerateModerateFair
2PoorSevereSevereSeverePoor
1Barely audibleExtremeExtremeExtremeUnusable

S is the input signal stregth.
I is the level of interference from other transmitters.
N is the level of noise on the signal.
P is the degrading effect of propagation disturbance i.e. fading, echo etc.
O is the overall rating, combining all factors.

SINPO 55555 is the best report a station can get, while a SINPO 11111 is very
unlikely as reception is so bad that an ID is virtually impossible.


Scanning tips

Now, this is a subject that could fill up many MB:s of text and pictures, but I will limit this section a little bit and write about some perhaps more uncommon stuff you can do.

I have had a blast snooping the airwaves with a setup consisting of:
  1. An Icom IC-R10 hand scanner
  2. A Watson "Super Searcher" (10-3000 MHz RF finder)
  3. A serial cable between the above
The Super Searcher is basically a portable, very sensitive frequency counter, connected to an antenna of your choice. It also has the possibility to "reaction tune" any Icom CI-V or AOR receiver/scanner to the locked frequency. Got the picture yet? Well this is going to be fun. Take this setup out on the road, preferrably to a main street with a lot of traffic, and BINGO! As soon as there is someone fairly close by, pressing the PTT on his/her transceiver, the Super Searcher locks onto the frequency, passes the frequency information to the Icom/AOR receiver and voila! With no effort at all, you can listen to, and start logging those presumably unknown frequencies.

I have also done some snooping from the car. By connecting the Super Searcher to an external antenna, the range of detection will be greater. If you drive around your town with this setup, you'll have frequencies and communications popping up as you pass the transmitters. The range of detection is of course depending on several factors: your antenna, the transmitting antenna, the frequency in question and of course the power output.

There are a few drawbacks too. Being a broadband device, the Super Searcher may be blocked when passing certain strong, wideband transmitters such as aviation radar sites, cellular dittos, broadcasting towers and multiple transmitter clusters. To test this, I hooked up the gear and went to Bromma Airport which is close to home, and parked within a 100 meters from the radar ball. This radar operates just above 1.3 GHz (1300 MHz). The Super Searcher could neither detect the Air-to-ground comm's antennas about 25 meters behind the car, nor my very own 2m/70cm/23cm HT with 300 mW output, 20 cm away. I had to move the HT as close as 8-10 cm from the Super Searcher in order for it to detect my transmission. Talk about blocking! This is however a relatively small problem that in practice won't matter that much. The extremist will buy and connect a megabuck preselector with 2 MHz bandwidth, thus selecting a small portion of the spectrum to be detected (you will miss a lot this way). A better approach would probably be a notch filter for 88-108 MHz and maybe a lowpass filter to block everything above, say 480 MHz.

The other drawback is impossible to remedy. The Super Searcher can not detect and pass the mode of transmission. You will have to set it manually on your radio. This is however a minute problem as most comm's except aviation is done with FM.

There are of course other manufacturers with similar devices offering "reaction tune" such as Optoelectronics, but this one won't cost you an arm and a leg. I had mine for only 1500:- SEK in Sweden. In UK the price is £99 (summer 2000).

The Watson Super Searcher comes with rechargable batteries, a wall charger and a telescopic antenna. It also has a bargraph to indicate relative signal strength. It's a fun tech-toy and a must-have for the scanner-hyena.

Of course, a full featured, megabuck spectrum analyzer will do the job under any circumstances (except reaction tune), no matter what the RF environment looks like, but the huge price for such a device is likely to deter most hobbyists (like me).


Various PLL circuits

A work in progress. See also the components page

For PLL pin functions, check out this explanation

AN6040C5121CCI3001CCI3002ECG1198ECG1207ECG1233ECG1254
ECG1255HD42851HD42853KM5624LC7110LC7113LC7120LC7130
LC7131LC7132LC7135LC7136LC7137LC7185M58472PM58473P
M58476MB8719MB8733MB8734MC14568MC145104MC145106MC145107
MC145109MM48141MM55106MM55107MM55108NMM55116MM55126MM55104
MM55107MM55108MN6040MN6040AMSC42502PMSM5807MSM5907NDC40013
NIS7261ANIS7264BPLL01APLL02APLL03APLL08APLL0305APLL2001
PLL2002REC86345SM5104SM5107SM5109SM5118SM5123ASM5124A
SM5125BSM5126ASM5126BTC5080PTC9100TC9102PTC9103PTC9105
TC9106TC9109PTC9119µPD858CµPD861µPD2810CµPD2812CµPD2814
µPD2816uPD2824CµPD2833C





Coax connectors - Assembly guides

Another work in progress...

UG-21 STG A professional N-type, male connector
Suitable for RG-213, Aircom Plus, Ecoflex 10,
H-1000 and H-2000 Flex

UHF Spezial A professional PL-259/UHF-type, male connector
Suitable for RG-213, Aircom Plus, Ecoflex 10,
H-1000 and H-2000 Flex

Deltaohm 1/2" A professional coax connector. (Page 1)
Suitable for 1/2" corrugated coax cable


Deltaohm 1/2" A professional coax connector. (Page 2)
Suitable for 1/2" corrugated coax cable


Spinner RFS - General instructions.
Suitable for 7/8" corrugated coax cable


Teracom 7/8" A professional coax connector. (d0 version)
Suitable for 7/8" corrugated coax cable


Teracom 7/8" A professional coax connector. (e0 version)
Suitable for 7/8" corrugated coax cable



Equivalent/conversion table (over 50 ohms) for dBm / dbu / dBµV / Power W / Power dBW / V RMS / V peak-peak
and calibrated S-meter readings for below and above 30 MHz, according to IARU Region 1 recommendation (1981).

dBmdBudBµVPwr WPwr dBWV RMSV p-pS <30 MHzS >30 MHz
-141-151.8 dBu-34 dBµV7.9 aW-171 dBW20 nV56.3 nV
S 1
-140-150.8 dBu-33 dBµV10 aW-170 dBW22 nV63 nV

-139-149.8 dBu-32 dBµV12 aW-169 dBW25 nV70.8 nV

-138-148.8 dBu-31 dBµV16 aW-168 dBW28 nV79.6 nV

-137-147.8 dBu-30 dBµV20 aW-167 dBW30 nV89.3 nV

-136-146.8 dBu-29 dBµV25 aW-166 dBW35 nV0.1 uV

-135-145.8 dBu-28 dBµV32 aW-165 dBW40 nV0.112 uV
S 2
-134-144.8 dBu-27 dBµV40 aW-164 dBW45 nV0.126 uV

-133-143.8 dBu-26 dBµV50 aW-163 dBW50 nV0.141 uV

-132-142.8 dBu-25 dBµV63 aW-162 dBW56 nV0.159 uV

-131-141.8 dBu-24 dBµV79 aW-161 dBW63 nV0.178 uV

-130-140.8 dBu-23 dBµV0.1 fW-160 dBW71 nV0.2 uV

-129-139.8 dBu-22 dBµV0.13 fW-159 dBW80 nV0.224 uV
S 3
-128-138.8 dBu-21 dBµV0.16 fW-158 dBW89 nV0.251 uV

-127-137.8 dBu-20 dBµV0.2 fW-157 dBW0.1 uV0.282 uV

-126-136.8 dBu-19 dBµV0.25 fW-156 dBW0.112 uV0.317 uV

-125-135.8 dBu-18 dBµV0.32 fW-155 dBW0.125 uV0.356 uV

-124-134.8 dBu-17 dBµV0.4 fW-154 dBW0.14 uV0.399 uV

-123-133.8 dBu-16 dBµV0.5 fW-153 dBW0.16 uV0.447 uV
S 4
-122-132.8 dBu-15 dBµV0.6 fW-152 dBW0.18 uV0.5 uV

-121-131.8 dBu-14 dBµV0.8 fW-151 dBW0.2 uV0.56 uVS 1
-120-130.8 dBu-13 dBµV1 fW-150 dBW0.22 uV0.63 uV

-119-129.8 dBu-12 dBµV1.2 fW-149 dBW0.25 uV0.7 uV

-118-128.8 dBu-11 dBµV1.6 fW-148 dBW0.28 uV0.8 uV

-117-127.8 dBu-10 dBµV2 fW-147 dBW0.3 uV0.89 uV
S 5
-116-126.8 dBu-9 dBµV2.5 fW-146 dBW0.35 uV1 uV

-115-125.8 dBu-8 dBµV3.1 fW-145 dBW0.4 uV1.1 uVS 2
-114-124.8 dBu-7 dBµV3.9 fW-144 dBW0.45 uV1.26 uV

-113-123.8 dBu-6 dBµV5 fW-143 dBW0.5 uV1.4 uV

-112-122.8 dBu-5 dBµV6.3 fW-142 dBW0.56 uV1.6 uV

-111-121.8 dBu-4 dBµV7.9 fW-141 dBW0.63 uV1.8 uV
S 6
-110-120.8 dBu-3 dBµV10 fW-140 dBW0.71 uV2 uV

-109-119.8 dBu-2 dBµV13 fW-139 dBW0.8 uV2.24 uVS 3
-108-118.8 dBu-1 dBµV16 fW-138 dBW0.89 uV2.51 uV

-107-117.8 dBu0 dBµV20 fW-137 dBW1 uV2.82 uV

-106-116.8 dBu1 dBµV25 fW-136 dBW1.12 uV3.17 uV

-105-115.8 dBu2 dBµV32 fW-135 dBW1.25 uV3.56 uV
S 7
-104-114.8 dBu3 dBµV40 fW-134 dBW1.41 uV3.99 uV

-103-113.8 dBu4 dBµV50 fW-133 dBW1.59 uV4.47 uVS 4
-102-112.8 dBu5 dBµV63 fW-132 dBW1.78 uV5 uV

-101-111.8 dBu6 dBµV79 fW-131 dBW2 uV5.63 uV

-100-110.8 dBu7 dBµV0.1 pW-130 dBW2.24 uV6.3 uV

-99-109.8 dBu8 dBµV0.13 pW-129 dBW2.51 uV7.08 uV
S 8
-98-108.8 dBu9 dBµV1.6 pW-128 dBW2.82 uV7.96 uV

-97-107.8 dBu10 dBµV0.2 pW-127 dBW3.16 uV8.93 uVS 5
-96-106.8 dBu11 dBµV0.25 pW-126 dBW3.55 uV10 uV

-95-105.8 dBu12 dBµV0.32 pW-125 dBW4 uV11.2 uV

-94-104.8 dBu13 dBµV0.4 pW-124 dBW4.47 uV12.6 uV

-93-103.8 dBu14 dBµV0.5 pW-123 dBW5.01 uV14.1 uV
S 9
-92-102.8 dBu15 dBµV0.63 pW-122 dBW5.62 uV15.9 uV

-91-101.8 dBu16 dBµV0.79 pW-121 dBW6.31 uV17.8 uVS 6
-90-100.8 dBu17 dBµV1 pW-120 dBW7.06 uV19.9 uV

-89-99.8 dBu18 dBµV1.2 pW-119 dBW8 uV22.4 uV

-88-98.8 dBu19 dBµV1.6 pW-118 dBW8.91 uV25.1 uV

-87-97.8 dBu20 dBµV2 pW-117 dBW10 uV28.2 uV

-86-96.8 dBu21 dBµV2.5 pW-116 dBW11.2 uV31.7 uV

-85-95.8 dBu22 dBµV3.2 pW-115 dBW12.5 uV35.6 uVS 7
-84-94.8 dBu23 dBµV4 pW-114 dBW14.1 uV39.9 uV

-83-93.8 dBu24 dBµV5 pW-113 dBW15.9 uV44.7 uV
S 9+10 dB
-82-92.8 dBu25 dBµV6.3 pW-112 dBW17.8 uV50 uV

-81-91.8 dBu26 dBµV7.9 pW-111 dBW19.9 uV56.3 uV

-80-90.8 dBu27 dBµV10 pW-110 dBW22.4 uV63.2 uV

-79-89.8 dBu28 dBµV12 pW-109 dBW25 uV7.08 uVS 8
-78-88.8 dBu29 dBµV16 pW-108 dBW28.1 uV79.6 uV

-77-87.8 dBu30 dBµV20 pW-107 dBW31.5 uV89.3 uV

-76-86.8 dBu31 dBµV25 pW-106 dBW35.4 uV0.1 mV

-75-85.8 dBu32 dBµV31 pW-105 dBW39.7 uV0.112 mV

-74-84.8 dBu33 dBµV40 pW-104 dBW44.6 uV0.126 mV

-73-83.8 dBu34 dBµV50 pW-103 dBW50 uV0.141 mVS 9S 9+20 dB
-72-82.8 dBu35 dBµV63 pW-102 dBW56 uV0.159 mV

-71-81.8 dBu36 dBµV79 pW-101 dBW63 uV0.178 mV

-70-80.8 dBu37 dBµV0.1 nW-100 dBW70.8 uV0.2 mV

-69-79.8 dBu38 dBµV0.12 nW-99 dBW79.3 uV0.224 mV

-68-78.8 dBu39 dBµV0.16 nW-98 dBW89 uV0.251 mV

-67-77.8 dBu40 dBµV0.2 nW-97 dBW99.8 uV0.282 mV

-66-76.8 dBu41 dBµV0.25 nW-96 dBW0.12 mV0.317 mV

-65-75.8 dBu42 dBµV0.31 nW-95 dBW0.126 mV0.356 mV

-64-74.8 dBu43 dBµV0.4 nW-94 dBW0.141 mV0.399 mV

-63-73.8 dBu44 dBµV0.5 nW-93 dBW0.16 mV0.447 mVS 9+10 dBS 9+30 dB
-62-72.8 dBu45 dBµV0.63 nW-92 dBW0.178 mV0.5 mV

-61-71.8 dBu46 dBµV0.79 nW-91 dBW0.199 mV0.563 mV

-60-70.8 dBu47 dBµV1 nW-90 dBW0.224 mV0.63 mV

-59-69.8 dBu48 dBµV1.2 nW-89 dBW0.25 mV0.708 mV

-58-68.8 dBu49 dBµV1.6 nW-88 dBW0.281 mV0.796 mV

-57-67.8 dBu50 dBµV2 nW-87 dBW0.315 mV0.893 mV

-56-66.8 dBu51 dBµV2.5 nW-86 dBW0.354 mV1 mV

-55-65.8 dBu52 dBµV3.1 nW-85 dBW0.397 mV1.12 mV

-54-64.8 dBu53 dBµV4 nW-84 dBW0.446 mV1.26 mV

-53-63.8 dBu54 dBµV5 nW-83 dBW0.5 mV1.41 mVS 9+20 dBS 9+40 dB
-52-62.8 dBu55 dBµV6.3 nW-82 dBW0.56 mV1.59 mV

-51-61.8 dBu56 dBµV7.9 nW-81 dBW0.63 mV1.78 mV

-50-60.8 dBu57 dBµV10 nW-80 dBW0.707 mV2 mV

-49-59.8 dBu58 dBµV12 nW-79 dBW0.793 mV2.24 mV

-48-58.8 dBu59 dBµV16 nW-78 dBW0.89 mV2.51 mV

-47-57.8 dBu60 dBµV20 nW-77 dBW0.998 mV2.82 mV

-46-56.8 dBu61 dBµV25 nW-76 dBW1.2 mV3.17 mV

-45-55.8 dBu62 dBµV31 nW-75 dBW1.26 mV3.56 mV

-44-54.8 dBu63 dBµV40 nW-74 dBW1.41 mV3.99 mV

-43-53.8 dBu64 dBµV50 nW-73 dBW1.6 mV4.47 mVS 9+30 dBS 9+50 dB
-42-52.8 dBu65 dBµV63 nW-72 dBW1.78 mV5 mV

-41-51.8 dBu66 dBµV79 nW-71 dBW1.99 mV5.63 mV

-40-50.8 dBu67 dBµV0.1 uW-70 dBW2.24 mV6.3 mV

-39-49.8 dBu68 dBµV0.12 uW-69 dBW2.5 mV7.08 mV

-38-48.8 dBu69 dBµV0.16 uW-68 dBW2.81 mV7.96 mV

-37-47.8 dBu70 dBµV0.2 uW-67 dBW3.15 mV8.93 mV

-36-46.8 dBu71 dBµV0.25 uW-66 dBW3.54 mV10 mV

-35-45.8 dBu72 dBµV0.31 uW-65 dBW3.97 mV11.2 mV

-34-44.8 dBu73 dBµV0.4 uW-64 dBW4.46 mV12.6 mV

-33-43.8 dBu74 dBµV0.5 uW-63 dBW5 mV14.1 mVS 9+40 dBS 9+60 dB
-32-42.8 dBu75 dBµV0.63 uW-62 dBW5.6 mV15.9 mV

-31-41.8 dBu76 dBµV0.79 uW-61 dBW6.3 mV17.8 mV

-30-40.8 dBu77 dBµV1 uW-60 dBW7.06 mV19.9 mV

-29-39.8 dBu78 dBµV1.2 uW-59 dBW7.9 mV22.4 mV

-28-38.8 dBu79 dBµV1.6 uW-58 dBW8.9 mV25.1 mV

-27-37.8 dBu80 dBµV2 uW-57 dBW9.98 mV28.2 mV

-26-36.8 dBu81 dBµV2.5 uW-56 dBW12 mV31.7 mV

-25-35.8 dBu82 dBµV3.1 uW-55 dBW12.6 mV35.6 mV

-24-34.8 dBu83 dBµV4 uW-54 dBW14.1 mV39.9 mV

-23-33.8 dBu84 dBµV5 uW-53 dBW16 mV44.7 mVS 9+50 dB
-22-32.8 dBu85 dBµV6.3 uW-52 dBW17.8 mV50 mV

-21-31.8 dBu86 dBµV7.9 uW-51 dBW19.9 mV56.3 mV

-20-30.8 dBu87 dBµV10 uW-50 dBW22.4 mV63 mV

-19-29.8 dBu88 dBµV12 uW-49 dBW25 mV70.8 mV

-18-28.8 dBu89 dBµV16 uW-48 dBW28.1 mV79.6 mV

-17-27.8 dBu90 dBµV20 uW-47 dBW31.5 mV89.3 mV

-16-26.8 dBu91 dBµV25 uW-46 dBW35.4 mV0.1

-15-25.8 dBu92 dBµV31 uW-45 dBW39.7 mV0.112

-14-24.8 dBu93 dBµV40 uW-44 dBW44.6 mV0.126

-13-23.8 dBu94 dBµV50 uW-43 dBW50 mV0.141S 9+60 dB
-12-22.8 dBu95 dBµV63 uW-42 dBW56 mV0.159

-11-21.8 dBu96 dBµV79 uW-41 dBW63 mV0.178

-10-20.8 dBu97 dBµV0.1 mW-40 dBW70.7 mV0.2

-9-19.8 dBu98 dBµV0.12 mW-39 dBW79.3 mV0.224

-8-18.8 dBu99 dBµV0.16 mW-38 dBW89 mV0.251

-7-17.8 dBu100 dBµV0.2 mW-37 dBW99.8 mV0.282

-6-16.8 dBu101 dBµV0.25 mW-36 dBW0.1200.317

-5-15.8 dBu102 dBµV0.31 mW-35 dBW0.1260.356

-4-14.8 dBu103 dBµV0.4 mW-34 dBW0.1410.399

-3-13.8 dBu104 dBµV0.5 mW-33 dBW0.1580.447

-2-12.8 dBu105 dBµV0.63 mW-32 dBW0.1780.502

-1-11.8 dBu106 dBµV0.79 mW-31 dBW0.1990.563

0-10.8 dBu107 dBµV1 mW-30 dBW0.2240.632

1-9.8 dBu108 dBµV1.25 mW-29 dBW0.2500.708

2-8.8 dBu109 dBµV1.58 mW-28 dBW0.2810.796

3-7.8 dBu110 dBµV1.99 mW-27 dBW0.3150.893

4-6.8 dBu111 dBµV2.51 mW-26 dBW0.3541.002

5-5.8 dBu112 dBµV3.16 mW-25 dBW0.3971.124

6-4.8 dBu113 dBµV3.98 mW-24 dBW0.4461.261

7-3.8 dBu114 dBµV5.01 mW-23 dBW0.5001.415

8-2.8 dBu115 dBµV6.3 mW-22 dBW0.5611.588

9-1.8 dBu116 dBµV7.94 mW-21 dBW0.6301.782

10-0.8 dBu117 dBµV10 mW-20 dBW0.7072.000

110.2 dBu118 dBµV12.58 mW-19 dBW0.7932.244

121.2 dBu119 dBµV15.84 mW-18 dBW0.8902.517

132.2 dBu120 dBµV19.95 mW-17 dBW0.9982.825

143.2 dBu121 dBµV25.11 mW-16 dBW1.1203.169

154.2 dBu122 dBµV31.62 mW-15 dBW1.2573.556

165.2 dBu123 dBµV39.81 mW-14 dBW1.4103.990

176.2 dBu124 dBµV50.11 mW-13 dBW1.5834.477

187.2 dBu125 dBµV63.09 mW-12 dBW1.7765.023

198.2 dBu126 dBµV79.43 mW-11 dBW1.9925.636

209.2 dBu127 dBµV100 mW-10 dBW2.2366.324

2110.2 dBu128 dBµV125.8 mW-9 dBW2.5087.096

2211.2 dBu129 dBµV158.5 mW-8 dBW2.8157.962

2312.2 dBu130 dBµV199.5 mW-7 dBW3.1588.933

2413.2 dBu131 dBµV251.2 mW-6 dBW3.54310.023

2514.2 dBu132 dBµV316.2 mW-5 dBW3.97611.246

2615.2 dBu133 dBµV398.1 mW-4 dBW4.46112.619

2716.2 dBu134 dBµV501.2 mW-3 dBW5.00514.158

2817.2 dBu135 dBµV630.9 mW-2 dBW5.61615.886

2918.2 dBu136 dBµV794.3 mW-1 dBW6.30217.825

3019.2 dBu137 dBµV1 W0 dBW7.07120.000

3120.2 dBu138 dBµV1.25 W1 dBW7.93322.440

3221.2 dBu139 dBµV1.58 W2 dBW8.90125.178

3322.2 dBu140 dBµV1.99 W3 dBW9.98828.250

3423.2 dBu141 dBµV2.51 W4 dBW11.20631.697

3524.2 dBu142 dBµV3.16 W5 dBW12.57435.565

3625.2 dBu143 dBµV3.98 W6 dBW14.10839.905

3726.2 dBu144 dBµV5.01 W7 dBW15.83044.774

3827.2 dBu145 dBµV6.31 W8 dBW17.76150.237

3928.2 dBu146 dBµV7.94 W9 dBW19.92856.367

4029.2 dBu147 dBµV10 W10 dBW22.36063.245

4130.2 dBu148 dBµV12.58 W11 dBW25.08970.962

4231.2 dBu149 dBµV15.84 W12 dBW28.15079.621

4332.2 dBu150 dBµV19.95 W13 dBW31.58589.336

4433.2 dBu151 dBµV25.12 W14 dBW35.439100.23

4534.2 dBu152 dBµV31.62 W15 dBW39.763112.46

4635.2 dBu153 dBµV39.81 W16 dBW44.615126.19

4736.2 dBu154 dBµV50.12 W17 dBW50.059141.58

4837.2 dBu155 dBµV63.09 W18 dBW56.167158.86

4938.2 dBu156 dBµV79.43 W19 dBW63.020178.25

5039.2 dBu157 dBµV100 W20 dBW70.710200.00

5140.2 dBu158 dBµV125.9 W21 dBW79.338224.40

5241.2 dBu159 dBµV158.5 W22 dBW89.019251.78

5342.2 dBu160 dBµV199.5 W23 dBW99.881282.50

5443.2 dBu161 dBµV251.2 W24 dBW112.06316.97

5544.2 dBu162 dBµV316.2 W25 dBW125.74355.65

5645.2 dBu163 dBµV398.1 W26 dBW141.08399.05

5746.2 dBu164 dBµV501.2 W27 dBW158.30447.74

5847.2 dBu165 dBµV630.9 W28 dBW177.61502.37

5948.2 dBu166 dBµV794.3 W29 dBW199.28563.67

6049.2 dBu167 dBµV1000 W30 dBW223.60632.45

6150.2 dBu168 dBµV1259 W31 dBW250.89709.62

6251.2 dBu169 dBµV1585 W32 dBW281.50796.21

6352.2 dBu170 dBµV1995 W33 dBW315.85893.36

6453.2 dBu171 dBµV2512 W34 dBW354.391002.37

6554.2 dBu172 dBµV3162 W35 dBW397.631124.68

6655.2 dBu173 dBµV3981 W36 dBW446.151261.91

6756.2 dBu174 dBµV5012 W37 dBW500.591415.89

6857.2 dBu175 dBµV6309 W38 dBW561.671588.65

6958.2 dBu176 dBµV7943 W39 dBW630.201782.50

7059.2 dBu177 dBµV10000 W40 dBW707.102000.00


Please note that some numbers have been slightly rounded.

Return loss and VSWR cross reference.

VSWR measure the standing waves in a feeder as a result of mismatch.
Return loss looks at the power absorbed by a load, giving the difference
between the incident power and the reflected.

Return loss
in dB
VSWR

Voltage reflection
coefficient
117.40.891
28.720.794
35.850.708
44.420.631
53.570.562
63.010.501
72.620.447
82.320.398
92.100.355
101.920.316
111.780.282
121.670.251
131.580.224
141.500.200
151.430.178
161.380.158
171.330.141
181.290.126
191.250.112
201.220.100
211.200.089
221.170.079
231.150.071
241.140.063
251.120.056
261.110.050
271.090.045
281.080.040
291.070.035
301.060.032

Please note that some numbers have been slightly rounded.